FindVehicle and VehicleFinder: A NER dataset for natural language-based vehicle retrieval and a keyword-based cross-modal vehicle retrieval system

Natural language (NL) based vehicle retrieval is a task aiming to retrieve a vehicle that is most consistent with a given NL query from among all candidate vehicles. Because NL query can be easily obtained, such a task has a promising prospect in building an interactive intelligent traffic system (ITS). Current solutions mainly focus on extracting both text and image features and mapping them to the same latent space to compare the similarity. However, existing methods usually use dependency analysis or semantic role-labelling techniques to find keywords related to vehicle attributes. These techniques may require a lot of pre-processing and post-processing work, and also suffer from extracting the wrong keyword when the NL query is complex. To tackle these problems and simplify, we borrow the idea from named entity recognition (NER) and construct FindVehicle, a NER dataset in the traffic domain. It has 42.3k labelled NL descriptions of vehicle tracks, containing information such as the location, orientation, type and colour of the vehicle. FindVehicle also adopts both overlapping entities and fine-grained entities to meet further requirements. To verify its effectiveness, we propose a baseline NL-based vehicle retrieval model called VehicleFinder. Our experiment shows that by using text encoders pre-trained by FindVehicle, VehicleFinder achieves 87.7\% precision and 89.4\% recall when retrieving a target vehicle by text command on our homemade dataset based on UA-DETRAC. The time cost of VehicleFinder is 279.35 ms on one ARM v8.2 CPU and 93.72 ms on one RTX A4000 GPU, which is much faster than the Transformer-based system. The dataset is open-source via the link https://github.com/GuanRunwei/FindVehicle, and the implementation can be found via the link https://github.com/GuanRunwei/VehicleFinder-CTIM

Optical studies of structural phase transition in the vanadium-based kagome metal ScV6Sn6

In condensed matter physics, materials with kagome lattice exhibit exotic emergent quantum states, including charge density wave (CDW), superconductivity and magnetism. Very recently, hexagonal kagome metal ScV6Sn6 was found to undergo fascinating first-order structural phase transition at around 92 K and a 3x3x3 CDW modulation. The bulk electronic band properties are enlightened for comprehending the origin of the structural phase transition. Here, we perform a optical spectroscopy study on the monocrystalline compound across the transition temperature. The structural transition gives rise to the abrupt changes of optical spectra without observing gap development behavior. The optical measurements revealed a sudden reconstruction of the band structure after transition. We emphasize that the phase transition is of the first order and distinctly different from the conventional density-wave type condensation. Our results provide insight into the origin of the structural phase transition in the new kagome metal compound.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Strong nonlinear optical response and transient symmetry switching in Type-II Weyl semimetal β\beta-WP2

The topological Weyl semimetals with peculiar band structure exhibit novel nonlinear optical enhancement phenomena even for light at optical wavelengths. While many intriguing nonlinear optical effects were constantly uncovered in type-I semimetals, few experimental works focused on basic nonlinear optical properties in type-II Weyl semimetals. Here we perform a fundamental static and time-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) on the three dimensional Type-II Weyl semimetal candidate $\beta$-WP$_2$. Although $\beta$-WP$_2$ exhibits extremely high conductivity and an extraordinarily large mean free path, the second harmonic generation is unscreened by conduction electrons, we observed rather strong SHG response compared to non-topological polar metals and archetypal ferroelectric insulators. Additionally, our time-resolved SHG experiment traces ultrafast symmetry switching and reveals that polar metal $\beta$-WP$_2$ tends to form inversion symmetric metastable state after photo-excitation. Intense femtosecond laser pulse could optically drive symmetry switching and tune nonlinear optical response on ultrafast timescales although the interlayer coupling of $\beta$-WP$_2$ is very strong. Our work is illuminating for the polar metal nonlinear optics and potential ultrafast topological optoelectronic applications.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Identification of Major QTLs Associated With First Pod Height and Candidate Gene Mining in Soybean

First pod height (FPH) is a quantitative trait in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that affects mechanized harvesting. A compatible combination of the FPH and the mechanized harvester is required to ensure that the soybean is efficiently harvested. In this study, 147 recombinant inbred lines, which were derived from a cross between ‘Dongnong594’ and ‘Charleston’ over 8 years, were used to identify the major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with FPH. Using a composite interval mapping method with WinQTLCart (version 2.5), 11 major QTLs were identified. They were distributed on five soybean chromosomes, and 90 pairs of QTLs showed significant epistatic associates with FPH. Of these, 3 were main QTL × main QTL interactions, and 12 were main QTL × non-main QTL interactions. A KEGG gene annotation of the 11 major QTL intervals revealed 8 candidate genes related to plant growth, appearing in the pathways K14486 (auxin response factor 9), K14498 (serine/threonine-protein kinase), and K13946 (transmembrane amino acid transporter family protein), and 7 candidate genes had high expression levels in the soybean stems. These results will aid in building a foundation for the fine mapping of the QTLs related to FPH and marker-assisted selection for breeding in soybean

EC-PPRA: An Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract—A promising energy conserving technique for the Ad hoc network must maintain effective packet forwarding capacity when turning off the network interface for idle nodes to reduce power consumption. This paper incorporates the energy conserving technique with the Ant Colony routing protocol and proposes a new EC-PPRA routing algorithm. We use the pheromone mechanism to make routing decision while turning off the network interface of idle nodes adaptively to save energy. Based on the emulation of pheromone trail and biological behaviors of ants, EC-PPRA can control the pheromone trail concentration by changing the forwarding behavior of ant packets to reserve energy and maintain the packet forwarding capability at the same time. We perform extensive simulations to demonstrate the superiority of EC-PPRA over the existing protocols, such as PPRA, AODV. We show that EC-PPRA can significantly prolong the network lifetime by improving the average node residual energy and the number of live nodes

OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF SERS SPECTRUM OF LYSOZYME ON SILVER COLLOID

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University; Center of Analysis and Measurement, Wuhan University; Department of Chemistry, Wuhan UniversityThe SERS spectrum of lysozyme on silver colloid was obtained. The sample solution was prepared by mixing O-2 ml silver colloid with 0.2 ml lysozyme. In the solutionn, the concentration of lysozyme was 6$\times10^{-2}$TM, chloride (I) was about $1\times10^{-3}$M and PH was 2.0. In the spectrum, the bands at 356, 424, 660, 828, 928, 978, 1190 and $1592 cm^{-1}$ were assigned to the p-hydroxyphenyl ring vibrations of tyrosine. The bands at 424, 620, 928, 1190 and $1508 cm^{-1}$ were assigned to the vibrations of phenylalanine. The bands at 760, 928, 1358, $1562 cm^{-1}$ due to the vibrations of tryptophan. The band at $238 cm^{-1}$ was the interface vibration. The S-S bond peak was observed at $518 cm^{-1}$ and it was very weak. The amide I, II, III band were observed at 1646, 1528 and $1280 cm^{-1}$, respectively. The band at $928 cm^{-1}$ was the skeletal vibration ($C_{O}$-C-N stretching). These suggested that lysozyme molecules adsorbed on the colloidal silver particales with the part of $\alpha$-helix conformation. This also confined that, as same as the normal Raman spectroscopy, the SERS spectrum could be used to obtain the valuable information of the macromolecules

OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE SERS SPECTRA OF TETRAPHEYLPORPHINE(TPP) AND IRON(Π)IRON(\Pi) PROTOPORPHYRIN (Fe(Π)PP)(Fe(\Pi)PP)

1. T. M. Cotton, s. G. Schultz and R. P. Van Duyne, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104(24), 6528(1982). 2. Yoshihiro Kobayashi and Koschi Itoh, J. Phys. Chem. 89, 5174(1985). 3. L. A. Scanches and T. G. Spiro, J. Phys. Chem. 89, 763(1985). 4. J. J. Memahon, S. Baer and C. A. Meleudres, J. Phys. Chem. 90, 1572(1986).Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University; Center of Analysis and Measurement, Wuhan UniversityThe SERS spectra of tetrapheylporphine(TPP) and iron ($\Pi$) protoporphyrin IX $(Fe(\Pi)PP)$ were obtained. Comparing of these two spectra, the bands 994, 1126, 1174, $1218cm^{-1}$ in spectra of TPP assigned to $v(C_{*} - C_{m}), v(C_{*} - N)$ were disappeared or the bands intensity decreased in SERS spectra of $Fe(\Pi)PP$. The band $1480cm^{-1}$ assigned to $v(C_{*}=-C_{*})$ in spectra of TPP was also disappeared in spectra of $Fe(\Pi)PP$. In the region of $1500-1700cm^{-1}$, there were three bands 1544, 1584, $1514cm^{-1}$ for TPP and two bands 1578, $1632cm^{-1}$ for $Fe(\Pi)PP$. Moreover, the band $1578cm^{-1}$ was enhanced intensity comparing with $1632cm^{-1}$ in SERS spectra of $Fe(\Pi)PP$. All these information indicated that, the porphyrin ring of TPP adsorbed on the surface of silver colloid by the four N atoms. But, for the $Fe(\Pi)PP$, since the four N atoms have complexed with $Fe(\Pi)PP$, the vibration modes of $v(C_{*}-C_{m}), v(C_{*}-N)$ were disappared

THE SERS SPECTRA OF BILIRUBIN AND BILIVERDIN

$^{1.}$ Rwdolf Holse, Z. Phys. Chem., 160, 45(1988). 2. B. N. Respondewski, D. L. Farrens, T. M. Cotton and P.-8. Song, FEBS Letts., 258(1), 1 (1989). 3. L. Margulies and M. Toporowics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 7331 (1984). 4. R. E. Halt, D. L. Farrens, P.-8. Song and T. M. Cotton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 9156 (1989).Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University; Center of Analysis and Measurement, Wuhan UniversityThe SERS spectra of oxidized bilirubin (oxidized by oxygen in alikline solution) and biliverdin were obtained. The similarity of these two SERS spectra demonstrated that the bilirubin was oxidised to biliverdin by oxygen in amibent temperature. The informations of these SERS spectra also show that the orientation of bilirubin and biliverdin on surface of silver colloid were different. In the experimental case, the internal hydrogen of bilirubin was formed with the interplanar angle $98^{\circ}$ of the two pyrromethnone rings. The bilirubin was intercalated into the silver colloid with the lactam ring slit on surface slightly. The biliverlin was flat on the surface of silver colloid with the N atom of pyrrole ring C and O atom of lactam ring D prontonated. On the surface of silver colloid the biliverdin adopt a near planar and cyclic helical conformation. And the ring C and D of biliverdin were most near the surface of silver colloid